Single particle X-ray diffraction experiments generate data at the FEL repetition rate, resulting in more than 400,000 detector readouts in an hour, the data stream during an experiment contains blank frames mixed with hits on single particles, clusters and contaminants. Particles injected into the X-ray beam are hit randomly and in unknown orientations by the extremely intense X-ray pulses, where the femtosecond-duration X-ray pulses diffract from the sample before the particle structure is significantly changed even though the sample is ultimately destroyed by the deposited X-ray energy. *Corresponding author: first hard X-ray laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), produces 120 shots per second. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 USAħMax-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, GermanyĨPNSensor GmbH, Römerstrasse 28, 80803 München, GermanyĩUniversity of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germanyġ0These authors contributed equally to this work

Note: Author names will be searched in the keywords field, also, but that may find papers where the person is mentioned, rather than papers they authored.ġDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 24 Uppsala, SwedenĢCenter for Free-electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, GermanyģEuropean XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, GermanyĤMax Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, GermanyĥDESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, GermanyĦJ.R.

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